Laying the foundations of Science Essays - Science, Free Essays

Laying the foundations of Science Essays - Science, Free Essays Laying the foundations of Science Laying the foundations of Science Knowing the deep seated foundations of Science led me through a simple throw back of a long time question, Why would Egyptians consider Nile River flooding outcome an advantage in their part? I remember my late grandfather, living beside a river, who used to plow the land every after a cyclical river flooding. I wondered why. He said its the best time to plant his crops just exactly the way my great grandparents do when he was young. Its a farming practice and culture to follow he added. Until I started school and the same explanation I heard from my HEKASI teacher: that the flooding in a river means rich soil to Egyptians and its planting time. But whats with the flooding that can enrich a soil? Its not surprising that people when I was ten would have made me stay where I am a little longer to wait for an explanation to my queries, not even my parents though. I have come to understand long enough, after I finished school: that floods from river may bring silt which will enrich the soils suitable for growing crops; that water lilies are also an indicator of mineral accumulation in a river that relatively depicts convenience for another wave of bountiful farming if waters overflow and redistributed another batch of silts to lands nearby. Then a chain of inquiry and acquisition of facts followed: that when the river is brownish, it has rained in the uplands bringing down silts in many run-offs; that when its greenish, it hasnt rain for a long time and algae are starting to make algal bloom happen; etc. All of these information made me think that Egyptians really have gone pre-science phase by way of primitive discoveries unrolled in the ancient years and their ideas were not so systematic to accurately explain why a phenomenon occur. Another magnificent scenario was the moment we first perceived flame. Obtained by natural source such as striking flint against stone to produce sparks, fire had been discovered, paving a way to the most important discovery of all time. Because of this, early men were able to bake clay pots which were used to cook. Fire reflected off its menacing scales but became a mean of light source and heat to many people and we are recipients to the advantage it bore in all forms of its application. Because of what I have scientifically found and understood, my grandparents are now justified in their farming practice. They raised the bloodline where I owe my heredities the most to the way ancient people facilitate farming technology in doing a living. I am also justified to pass such a life-long knowledge and experience to my students. Glad that Ive become a culprit of every childs first-hand knowledge. Theres much heart-longing of saying gratitude, granting a turn-back time when theyre once alive, for laying a scientific practice that gave everyone a chance to be more nourished and live longer life. Indeed, this simple realization can bring us to a fact that science has been around since the beginning of time. I believe it evolved from the everyday efforts of people trying to improve their way of life. History can claim and attest that humankind had developed and utilized materials such as tools, simple machines, and techniques without understanding how or why they worked and without comprehending their physical or chemical composition either. Serendipity-wise, they have plenty. All these, I believe, had become benchmarks to any scientific discovery that flourished from the time being and onwards. The People of Science After knowing main characters behind science the most detailed way, I really am composed claiming that all of us alive right now are but a total of the many scientists who planted trees through the years; and that through the process of times and circumstances we germinated underneath their shade of wisdom and scientific knowledge as though we rightfully deserve to reap and enjoy their harvest today. Owing absolute reliance on technological advancements to enhance our daily activities, whether it be as simple as androidified cellphones for communication and status signature purposes; or the stem cell technology for extraordinary rejuvenating effect of

Defining Histology and How Its Used

Defining Histology and How It's Used Histology is defined as the scientific study of the microscopic structure (microanatomy) of cells and tissues. The term histology comes from the Greek words histos, meaning tissue or columns, and logia, which means study. The word histology first appeared in a 1819 book written by German anatomist and physiologist Karl Meyer, tracing its roots back to 17th-century microscopic studies of biological structures performed by Italian physician Marcello Malpighi. How Histology Works Courses in histology focus on the preparation of histology slides, relying on previous mastery of anatomy and physiology. Light and electron microscopy techniques are usually taught separately. The five steps of preparing slides for histology are: FixingProcessingEmbeddingSectioningStaining Cells and tissues must be fixed to prevent decay and degradation. Processing is required to prevent excessive alteration of tissues when they are embedded. Embedding involves placing a sample within a supporting material (e.g., paraffin or plastic) so small samples can be cut into thin sections, suitable for microscopy. Sectioning is performed using special blades called microtomes or ultramicrotomes. Sections are placed on microscope slides and stained. A variety of staining protocols are available, chosen to enhance the visibility of specific types of structures. The most common stain is a combination of hematoxylin and eosin (HE stain). Hematoxylin stains cellular nuclei blue, while eosin stains cytoplasm pink. Images of HE slides tend to be in shades of pink and blue. Toluidine blue stains the nucleus and cytoplasm blue, but mast cells purple. Wrights stain colors red blood cells blue/purple, while turning white blood cells and platelets other colors. Hematoxylin and eosin produce a permanent stain, so slides made using this combination may be kept for later examination. Some other histology stains are temporary, so photomicrography is necessary in order to preserve data. Most of the trichrome stains are differential stains, where a single mixture produces multiple colors. For example, Malloys trichrome stain colors cytoplasm pale red, the nucleus and muscle red, red blood cells and keratin orange, cartilage blue, and bone deep blue. Types of Tissues The two broad categories of tissues are plant tissue and animal tissue. Plant histology usually is called plant anatomy to avoid confusion. The main types of plant tissues are: Vascular tissueDermal tissueMeristematic tissueGround tissue In humans and other animals, all tissue may be classified as belonging to one of four groups: Nervous tissueMuscle tissueEpithelial tissueConnective tissue Subcategories of these main types include epithelium, endothelium, mesothelium, mesenchyme, germ cells, and stem cells. Histology may also be used to study structures in microorganisms, fungi, and algae. Careers in Histology A person who prepares tissues for sectioning, cuts them, stains them, and images them is called a histologist. Histologists work in labs and have highly refined skills, used to determine the best way to cut a sample, how to stain sections to make important structures visible, and how to image slides using microscopy. Laboratory personnel in a histology lab include biomedical scientists, medical technicians, histology technicians (HT), and histology technologists (HTL). The slides and images produced by histologists are examined by medical doctors called pathologists. Pathologists specialize in identifying abnormal cells and tissues. A pathologist can identify many conditions and diseases, including cancer and parasitic infection, so other doctors, veterinarians, and botanists can devise treatment plans or determine whether an abnormality led to death. Histopathologists are specialists who study diseased tissue. A career in histopathology typically requires a medical degree or doctorate. Many scientists in this discipline have dual degrees. Uses of Histology Histology is important in science education, applied science, and medicine. Histology is taught to biologists, medical students, and veterinary students because it helps them understand and recognize different types of tissues. In turn, histology bridges the gap between anatomy and physiology by showing what happens to tissues at the cellular level.Archaeologists use histology to study biological material recovered from archaeological sites. Bones and teeth are most likely to provide data. Paleontologists may recover useful material from organisms preserved in amber or frozen in permafrost.Histology is used to diagnose diseases in humans, animals, and plants and to analyze the effects of treatment.Histology is used during autopsies and forensic investigations to help understand unexplained deaths. In some cases, a cause of death may be evident from microscopic tissue examination. In other cases, the microanatomy may reveal clues about the environment after death.