Jackie Robinson Essays - Jackie Robinson, Branch Rickey,

Jackie Robinson Breaking the Color Barrier Jackie Robinson was an American competitor, business official, and social equality pioneer. Conceived in Cairo, Georgia, to a group of tenant farmers, Jack Roosevelt Robinson went to Pasadena Junior College in California and the University of California at Los Angeles. At UCLA he showed extraordinary athletic capacity and turned into the first UCLA understudy competitor to win varsity letters in four games; football, ball, baseball, and track. In 1941 Robinson left school to join the United States Army. In the wake of moving on from Officers Candidate School, Robinson turned into a second lieutenant in what was then an isolated armed force. Pained by the abuse of dark troopers in his unit, Robinson fought the U.S. Armed force's prejudicial practices. Military police at Fort Hood, Texas, captured Robinson when he denied the driver's organization to move to the rear of a transport. A court-military absolved Robinson and he got a noteworthy release in 1944 with the position of first lieutenant. Robinson started his expert baseball profession in 1945 with the Kansas City Monarchs, one of the main groups of the Negro Leagues. Soon thereafter, Robinson marked with Branch Rickey, the head supervisor of the Brooklyn Dodgers. Robinson spent the 1946 season playing for the Montreal Royals of the International League, a small time associate of the Dodgers. After one season with the Royals, Robinson was called up to the Brooklyn group in 1947, turning into the principal dark to play significant alliance baseball in the twentieth

Effects of Poverty on Children

Name: Shem Blake Course: Child-Adolescent Development Lecturer: Mrs. Kennedy Date: February 19, 2013 Discuss how destitution influences the psychosocial, intellectual, good and physical advancement of the immature The term neediness is generally used to just allude to an absence of cash, yet living in a condition of monetary unsteadiness is both genuinely and sincerely damaging.While a youthful who experiences childhood in a white collar class suburb is trained that the individual can set off for college, wed, have a compensating vocation, and make an important commitment to the world everywhere, a kid naturally introduced to destitution must battle to just make it to adulthood. The drawn out impacts of destitution are the reason this is a social issue that merits open consideration. Neediness is one of the most crushing preventable wonders neutralizing the solid advancement of a juvenile whom are at a critical stage in their development and development.During this formative procedur e they are experiencing, young people need an improving and invigorating condition to help their development however on the off chance that these teenagers are arranged in destitution stricken condition their development will be influenced in light of the fact that through destitution they are denied from necessities and needs which is fundamental in their turn of events and this changes their procedure of improvement as the impacts of destitution may wrap, curve or capture the procedure as the youths experience psychosocial, psychological, good and physical development.Therefore, its extensive impact can be wrecking to the advancement of young people. Destitution has a significant negative effect on adolescent’s psychosocial advancement. As per concentrates by V. C. McLoyd, â€Å"persistent introduction to destitution has a straightforwardly negative impact on a child’s health†. The more clear clarification for the thinking of this are way of life and day to da y environments for the individuals who live in destitution influence a youngster contrarily. Ecological hardship is normally what we consider when we think about destitution, yet it isn't the main factor.Stressors, for example, dangerous or hazardous day to day environments and savagery have an influence. Among these is hardship of other basic necessities that are required, for example, food, medication and a protected home. Hardship of any of these things, particularly in early stages or youth markedly affects psychosocial improvement. As McLoyd brings up, kids who live in neediness are presented to more outrageous day to day environments than the individuals who are not living under comparable circumstances.These conditions may affect them. During pre-adult there is an enormous level of mental development as kids make modifications as a part of their character because of the fast turn of events. They face progressing struggle and trouble adjusting to the abrupt upsurge of sexual a nd forceful drive. These progressions create distress and turmoil in the adolescents’ internal identities and the manner in which they see the world. During this development they build up their own convictions, values and what they need to achieve out of life.At this stage their additionally isolating genuinely from guardians while as yet being dependent on them yet as they need to battle with the difficulties of destitution, rather than having a solid psychosocial advancement they are at more serious danger of social and passionate problemsâ because they don't consider things the manner in which they ought to rather they get a debased brain particularly against people who are living in a superior condition from them making them not think normally.Some social issues may incorporate hastiness, trouble coexisting with peers, animosity, consideration deficiency/hyperactivity issue (ADHD) and lead issue since they are in a situation which puts a great deal of impediments on them . Additionally, in view of their poor status as a rule they are living in dangerous neighborhoods which opens youngsters to brutality which can cause various psychosocial troubles. Viciousness introduction can likewise anticipate future brutal conduct in youth which places them at more serious danger of injury and mortality and passage into the adolescent equity system.There are various types of destitution. At the point when a youngster has been naturally introduced to neediness, at that point destitution is viewed as an unavoidable truth which might possibly be something that can be changed. Difficult work for endurance is a desire forever. The â€Å"rules† that apply distinctively to individuals who live in neediness are seen yet adherence to the standards can be â€Å"conditional† when endurance or essential needs are not being met. Subsequently, at this stage, where they are progressing from concrete operational intuition to formal legitimate conceptual) thinking remembering improvement for thinking and judgment. So despite the fact that their reasoning gets multidimensional and they are smarter to ponder circumstances their dynamic stays vulnerable to feelings because of their social condition confines psychological incitement bringing about a lower inspiration to learn in light of the fact that the young people mind is in every case elsewhere, they have a limited capacity to focus on the grounds that their brain is continually contemplating food, and intellectual formative postponements as a result of poor nutrition.However, as indicated by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the cerebrum of a youngster keeps on forming right into adulthood. The amygdala, the area of the cerebrum that controls impulses, grows first. The frontal cortex, which is answerable for thinking and decides how we act, grows later and keeps on forming into adulthood. Along these lines, a young person is guided less by the frontal cortex and might not have a full comprehension of good behavior.So while the advancement of the subjective abilities is being postponed as a result of poor nourishment, the improvement of the ethical aptitudes are all the more seriously deferred in light of the fact that they set aside a more drawn out effort to create on the grounds that the destitution stricken condition doesn't invigorates and advances the improvement of this development in light of the fact that their judgment are not principally on what’s right or wrong at the same time, what’s right or wrong for their endurance. In their condition they are presented to the enticements of medication, liquor and sex from an early point throughout everyday life but since this has been a standard in their childhood they tumble to the equivalent temptations.Everyone realizes that it is upsetting managing neediness, also, it is all the more alarming for young people since they are now experiencing difficulties of their own adjusting t o another psyche and body, in addition to managing their life circumstances may carry them to a limit. As a rule, their ethical advancement did not depend on what is correct or wrong however the set in stone methods of getting what they need or need, bringing about circumstances like posse brutality, high school prostitution and taking causing passings and even explicitly transmitted diseases.Their moral improvement is influenced in light of the fact that they despite everything think in a theoretical manner and can be more incautious than a grown-up. At this stage their lack of caution can keep them from settling on choices dependent on moral duty and they will accept no results will rise up out of their activities. Not exclusively does a poor nourishment and other social components influences the pre-adult in their psychsocial, good and intellectual turn of events yet its most obvious effect is on the physical improvement of the adolescent.Through this time they are experiencing a quick difference in the body however their advancement is eased back down in light of the fact that their body comes up short on the correct supplements that upgrade their development. They don't eat right and are uninformed to the idea of carrying on with a sound way of life so in their turn of events, on the off chance that they are not underweight; they are overweight in light of the fact that their eating routine comprises of a great deal of starch, a modest quantity of protein and a deficiency in different supplements. Soobader and Leclere (2000) has additionally inspected the effect of neediness on the physical wellbeing status of the adolescents.According to these creators, destitution can affect the capacity of the family to get and keep up medical coverage. This particular issue can affect the general strength of the puberty since medicinal services is costly and if the pre-adult is become sick, in the event that the affliction isn't viewed as genuine, at that point they s hould remain at home and utilize home cures possibly heading off to the specialist on the off chance that it gets life threating and this is an intense issue in light of the fact that the infirmity could as of now be causing inside damage.In low-salary families, procuring appropriate clinical consideration stays an unavoidable issue that has away from for the wellbeing results of the kid. In spite of the fact that Soobader and Leclere do contend that the issues confronting immaturity is very unpredictable by and large, the powerlessness to get to legitimate medicinal services and protection notably affects the results for pre-adulthood living in neediness. â€Å"The likelihood of a youngster being uninsured was related with more significant levels of pay imbalance at the province level and more elevated levels of neediness at the area level.Therefore, the falling apart physical condition and the absence of social administrations mixes individual disadvantage† (p. 230). At the point when destitution is a deep rooted recommendation for teenagers, it doesn't imply that a youth will form into a lesser type of a person when they arrive at adulthood. Truth be told, respect, values, convictions, network structure can deliver well structure people under conditions the vast majority of us would think about awful. In any case, the absence of food, clinical consideration, and other terrible social conditions may cause deep rooted psychosocial, subjective, good and physical debilitations for the adolescents.Without a strong network or family structure, the general absence of essential resource will cause preventable and indefensible passings that can give a juvenile a distorted perspective on the estimation of life. Referencing Books. Mueller, M. , and Patton, M. (1995). Working with poor families, exercises gained from training. Marriage andFamily Review, 21 (1/2), 65-90. Community for Adolescent Health and Law (1999, December). Adolesce

How to Write Senior Citizen Essay Samples

How to Write Senior Citizen Essay SamplesAn Otago junior volunteer program is a fun way to let your mind is blown and experience new things, but there are some things that you need to consider before you begin. What might be one of the most important parts is deciding which volunteers will be in your group and what to write about them. There are several San Anotonia Regional Hospital Junior Volunteer Essay samples to choose from but only one of them will be perfect for your need.If you're looking for assistance in your Junior Volunteer Program, you will need to make sure you choose essay samples that accurately represent the Volunteer Center. The program requires that each volunteer has a compelling story. They are not writing an essay, so your intent should be more on telling how you feel rather than to be funny.Most people aren't looking to be humorous when they're writing senior citizen essays. You want to provide an introduction that makes it clear that this is not an assignment but a part of the program. In the introduction, explain why you're here and what you hope to gain by being part of this program. Make it memorable and highly descriptive and you will find that your students will be motivated to learn more.One of the best San Anotonia Regional Hospital Junior Volunteer Essay samples is one written by Richle. He provides an introduction that offers an interesting and professional introduction. The conclusion is a very powerful summary of the theme of the essay and then ends with his appreciation for the volunteer program. This would be an ideal senior citizen essay sample for someone who wants to include personal experience with volunteering in the introduction.Another example is written by Sheila. She opens with an introduction that describes her reasons for being a volunteer. She then proceeds to tell what she hopes to gain by becoming a volunteer. The conclusion is a much needed apology for her participation in the program.Another essay that meets the expectations of the San Anotonia volunteer program is written by Hayden. This includes an introduction that details her skills as a writer. She also explains what this specific program means to her and how she hopes to gain more experience through this program. Next, she tells what she hopes to gain through the program by completing the next assignment and writing an overview of her experience. Finally, she describes how it made her feel.Tim Cotter is another excellent essay example for the Junior Volunteer Program. He provides an introduction that provides an informative introduction to this volunteer program. He describes how his background makes him qualified to write this particular essay.His conclusion explains how he expects his senior citizen essay to do a good job of explaining the significance of volunteering for him. He also mentions that you can find more examples of this type of writing on his website. It is offered as a free download as well.

Comparing Love in Go Tell It on the Mountain, Giovannis...

Baldwin’s first three novels -Go Tell It on the Mountain, Giovannis Room, and Another Country-boil over with anger, prejudice, and hatred, yet the primary force his characters must contend with is love. Not meek or mawkish but ...something active, more like fire, like the wind (qtd. in ONeale 126), Baldwins notion of love can conquer the horrors of society and pave the way to emotional security (Kinnamon 5). His recipe calls for a determined identity, a confrontation with and acceptance of reality, and finally, an open, committed relationship. Though Baldwins characters desperately need love, they fail to meet these individual requirements, and the seeds of love they sow never take root and grow to fruition.†¦show more content†¦Baldwin points to his high-school writing as an act of love. It was an attempt-not to get the worlds attention-it was an attempt to be loved. It seemed a way to save myself and a way to save my family. It came out of despair (qtd. in Kin namon 3). Baldwin believes in the redemptive power of love, the power to save. But first must come despair. All of Baldwins characters suffer tremendously, for they live in modern society. Few love. Since suffering is universal but a love fulfilled is not, suffering alone does not allow one to love, ...but if dealt with courageously...can lead to self-knowledge, self-acceptance, and the forging of a genuine self-identity (Nelson 122). With no internal conflicts, one can open up to another person, and love can flower. This process, however, is rarely completed. In Another Country a vivid portrait of the universal need for love is suggested by Rufuss interpretation of a saxophonists improvisation. Rufus plays in a jazz combo with a young saxophonist who already ...had received the blow from which he never would recover (9): ...[S]omewhere along the line he had discovered that he could say it with a saxophone. He had a lot to say. He stood there, wide-legged, humping the air, filling his barrel chest, shivering in the rags of his twenty-odd years, and screaming through the horn Do you love me? Do you

Age Related Changes in the Cardiovascular System - 843 Words

Case Study # 2: Age-Related Changes that Occur in the Cardiovascular System Sarah Miller ITT Technical Institute As the heart ages it goes through changes such as thickening of the walls, slowing heart rate, decrease in maximum heart rate, loss of efficiency in pumping. The layers of the heart include the pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The pericardium is the membrane that protects; it is a sac that the heart sits in and has a layer of fluid between for shock and absorption. The epicardium is the first layer of the heart. The myocardium is the second layer of the heart where the walls are not in contact with blood and are also the parts that contract. The endocardium is where the blood makes direct contact†¦show more content†¦Medications can help treat congestive heart failure and can help a person live longer. Lifestyle changes are important to improving the quality of life. Heart failure can be prevented by controlling risk factors and condition that cause heart failure. Myocardial infarction is commonly known as a heart attack. It occurs when blood flo w to the heart is blocked for so long that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. The greatest risk of sudden death is in the early hours. Chest pain in the most common symptom along with a shooting pain in the left arm, anxiety, fainting, dizziness, and nausea. References Jenkins, G., Kemnitz C.,Tortora G. Anatomy and Physiology: From Science to Life. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley amp; Sons, 2010. 619. Print. Celli, B. (2009, October 23). Homeostatic Regulation of Blood Pressure. Retrieved January 23, 2013, from http://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.html Your Aging Heart: What’s Happening?. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2013 from http://www.thirdage.com/heart-health/your-aging-heart-whats-happening Coronary Artery Disease: MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Retrieved January 23, 2013 from www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/coronaryarterydisease.html Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (2011, December 23). Retrieved January 24, 2013 from www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-failure/DS00061 Heart Attack. (2001, January 18). Retrieved January 24, 2013 from U.S. National Library ofShow MoreRelatedAge Related Changes That Occur in the Cardiovascular System950 Words   |  4 PagesAge Related Changes that Occur in the Cardiovascular System Age Related Changes that Occur in the Cardiovascular System In the normal conduction of the heart the electrical impulse starts in the SA node, also called the pacemaker of the heart. The electrical impulse travels through the right atrium and through the Bachmann’s bundle into the left atrium. This stimulates the atria to contract. Next the signal travel to the AV node. The AV node slightly delays the signal. 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Bad Boys and Why They Are Not Naughty by Nature but by Culture Free Essays

Samantha Latting Charise Albritton Sociology 3255 4 April 2013 Bad Boys And Why They Are Not Naughty By Nature But By Culture â€Å"Don’t Believe the Hype. † I believe the title of the very first chapter perfectly introduces and summarizes Bad Boys: Public Schools in the Making of Black Masculinity. These young boys are adultified and are tied to these two controlling images of the criminal and the endangered species. We will write a custom essay sample on Bad Boys and Why They Are Not Naughty by Nature but by Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The way these young boys are treated in school is a parallel to how they will be treated in juvenile detentions centers and in a lot of cases the penal system when they reach adulthood. Due to the adultification and controlling images black male youth develop different coping mechanisms to deal with these negative assumptions they know are made about them. This includes they way they act out in their classrooms. The way in which these young boys are behaving is not because they are â€Å"naughty by nature,† it is an act, or a defense mechanism that is brought upon by how they are treated by educators and other authority figures. [Black boys] are not seen as childlike but adultified; as black males, they are denied the masculine dispensation constituting white males as being ‘naturally naughty’ and are discerned as willfully bad (80). † School is supposed to be a place where children learn, develop and grow. However, when a child is adultified this cannot really occur. This means that adults they interact with believe that their future is pre-determined. A common phrase used without the book is â€Å"that kid has a jail cell with his name o n it. When educators have this kind of mentality where they believe they are not going to be able to change this student they do not attempt to—in their head they are as developed, as they will ever be, just as an adult would be. The two controlling images that are tied to adultification are the criminal and the endangered species (83). Criminalization was touched on a bit when the bit about teachers believing the child would end up in jail was mentioned. Young black males and their actions and transgressions â€Å"are made to take on a sinister, intentional, fully conscious tone that is stripped of any element of childish naivete (83). The second controlling image, the endangered species, is a mirror image of the criminal. By calling the young black male an endangered species we’re saying they are in an obsolete stage of social evolution. When looking at the boys in either light, as a criminal or as an endangered species â€Å"contemporary imagery proclaims black ma les to be responsible for their own fate. The discourse of individual choice and responsibility elides the social and economic context and locates predation as coming from within (82). This means that although it may be said that the black male is in control of his own actions the discourses in which we view them actually says the opposite; that people believe that they are, once again, naughty by nature. Black male youth have too frequent relationships with the penal system, which could be, in part, because of this naughty by nature belief. Due to profiling and stereotyping their chances of entering the juvenile detention system is high and there is an even higher chance of being jailed as an adult (233). We see the criminality and demonization of black male youth that was present in their school experiences in the penal system as well. This process is repeated through â€Å"surveillance, policing, charges, and penalties (233). † Black male youth perform masculinity using three strategies. These strategies are gendered acts, classroom performance, and fighting. Gendered acts means the boys act as aggressors and treat the females as victims. These strategies often get the boys in trouble, however it is a way for him to make a place for himself as a ‘real boy. These gendered acts are not just imitation; they are a â€Å"highly strategic attachment to a social category that has political effects (171). † Performance in the classroom is also a tactic used to perform masculinity. It is â€Å"fundamental to the masculine performance is engagement with power. † In the book there are several instances of black male youth causing classroom disruptions. This could inc lude laughing, constantly talking, interrupting, being loud, being sassy, demanding other’s attention, etc. The kids see most of these acts as humorous and times of self-expression (175). Some kids are stars at these performances. The performances are rituals that involve their own script, roles, and timing. â€Å"These dramatic moments are sites for the presentations of a potent masculine presence in the classroom (176). † The ‘good bad boy’ engages power, makes the class laugh, takes risks and makes the teacher smile (176). The final tactic used to perform masculinity is fighting. In the book, fighting is the most common offense in which students are sent to the Punishing Room and the vast majority of the offenders are African American males (180). Students are told that fighting is not the answer; if someone tries to start a fight with you then you should tell a teacher and allow them to intervene. However, this goes against the code of masculinity. Letting an adult intervene is a sign of weakness. Another reason children don’t want teachers to intervene is because they don’t believe an adult can really change the relationship between kids. The only thing she can really do is instruct them to stop (180). Black male youth develop coping mechanisms in response to the reception they receive in public. Included in these mechanisms are â€Å"processes of identification, the formation of self at the conjecture of how one is seen an how one sees oneself. (125). † On one level the boys brush off the fear and surveillance as flattering and a sign of their ability to attract attention and be noticed (125). This can be a temporarily rewarding reaction. However, on another level â€Å"identities are constituted in relationship to the perceptions and expectations of other people (125). † The act the boys are putting on becomes a reality—they reinforce the idea of this stereotype of behavior. We can look at Horace to personify these examples. Horace is prepared to fight both physically and verbally. He has learned that in public he needs to challenge authority. His fighting has earned him respect and authority among his peers. This is easily tied in to how classroom performance plays a role in masculinity, which was briefly touched upon before. For African American boys this performance in the classroom of being a ‘class clown’ or causing other disruptions â€Å"invokes cultural conventions of speech performance that draws on a black repertoire (178). This performance in the classroom is a way for African American boys to establish their desired reputation and to make a name for themselves, as well as achieve status at school. Don’t simply believe the hype and stereotypes surrounding black male youth. They are not â€Å"naughty by nature,† but by the culture in which they live and learn in. These boys are adultified and seen as a criminals and/ or an endangered species. Many times this ‘bad’ behavior is simply an act to achieve masculinity and status among peers and over time becomes reality. This is one of the coping mechanisms that these boys develop to deal with the way they are treated and perceived by the adults in their lives. They way these authority figures at school treat them is very similar to how they will be treated in juvenile detentions centers (which they are likely to encounter) and by people in the penal system in which they very well may be subjected to as adults. The behavior of these young boys is due to a cause and effect relationship between how they are treated by their educators and other adults in positions of authority. How to cite Bad Boys and Why They Are Not Naughty by Nature but by Culture, Papers

Nature VS Nurture †Are Criminals Born or Made free essay sample

By submitting this work, I am declaring that I am the originator of this work and that all other original sources used in this work have been appropriately acknowledged. I understand that plagiarism is the act of taking and using the whole or any part of another person’s work and presenting it as my own without proper acknowledgement. I also understand that plagiarism is an academic offence and that disciplinary action will be taken for plagiarism. Intro The search for causes of crime forms the basis of most criminological studies. There are numerous explanations for crime: psychological, evolutionary, genetical, sociological, economical and a mix of factors; and many have debated over the primary influence of criminal behaviour—whether criminals are born or made. Truth is, in the constitution of criminal behaviour, it is the amalgam of both nature and nurture. And this paper will present how crime behaviours can be hereditary but are influenced by the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature VS Nurture – Are Criminals Born or Made? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nature The first theory that will demonstrate that criminals are made is Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of crime (1961), which posits that all humans have natural basic biological needs and urges such as hunger and sex repressed in the unconscious called Id which is irrationally expressed to derive satisfaction. More importantly he also claims that all humans have criminal tendencies. Typically, we can curb these urges and tendencies and express them appropriately according to social norms through socialisation (Eysenck, 1996); where we learn to develop conscious inner controls called SuperEgo—which is our moral conscience repressing the Id and Ego— which mediates the expression of Id. However, when faced with the lack of basic need, the unconscious Id is stimulated, and the improperly socialised child who has failed to acquire and develop the Ego and SuperEgo, will then direct antisocial impulses outwardly as harmful criminalistic tendencies (Freud, 1923). Besides Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, the Evolutionary theory also serves to explain for the nature of a criminal. Aggression in the animal kingdom helps animals to obtain food, compete for access to a mate, and protect territory. These forms of aggressive behaviours have been favoured by a process called natural selection because they facilitate the reproduction of genes in the aggressive animals, either directly or indirectly, by aiding survival so that an animal or its close kin can reproduce later (Quinsey, 2002). According to Darwin’s evolutionary theory, we evolved from animals and aggressive tendencies humans have are considered adaptive (Darwin, 1859). In this sense extreme violence may be synonymous with melanism in the English pepper moth (Steward, 1977). Melanism, an extreme colouring variation was rare before the darkening of England’s trees by domestic soot pollution as it contrasts against the tree bark and alerts predators to prey on them but shot up during which as it became adaptive. Once the pollution was cleaned, the frequencies of melanism reversed yet again. Similarly, although extreme violence is not currently adaptive, relatively small numbers of humans may be born with gene variations leading to inefficient aggression restraint that place them at high risk for extreme violent behaviours. Last but not least, there were researchers who believed that genes were fully responsible for criminal activity. There have been numerous studies carried out on twins to determine whether genetic influences play a part in criminal behaviour. Christiansen (1977) reported on the criminality of a total population of 3,586 twin pairs from Denmark. He found that 52% of the twins were concordant for criminal behaviour for identical twin pairs, whilst 22% of the twins were concordant for fraternal twin pairs. These results suggest that identical twins carry some form of biological characteristic that increases their risk of becoming involved in criminal behaviour (McLaughlin, Muncie, Hughes, 2003). Adoption studies have also been conducted to test for the criminal behaviours of the adopted-away children, if their biological parents had also been involved with criminal activity. In Iowa, the first adoption study was conducted that looked at the genetics of criminal behaviour. The researchers found that as compared to the control group, the adopted individuals, which were born to incarcerated female offenders, had a higher rate of criminal convictions as adults. Another study in Sweden also showed that if a biological background existed for criminality, then there was an increased risk of criminal behaviours in the adopted children. These evidences support the existence of a heritable component to antisocial or criminal behavior (Tehrani Mednick, 2000). However, while the overstimulation of the Id and the failure to acquire and develop the the Ego and SuperEgo leads to criminal tendencies, while aggression may be out of adaptive values, and while genetic studies have pointed towards the influence of genes and criminal behaviour, these theories alone are insufficient to account for crime. Evolutionary theory does not explain or predict for the extreme degrees of aggression in individuals nor has the genetic theory proven for 100% heritability; which raises the need for us to examine the Nurture camp of crime theories as well. Nurture Behavioural psychology posits that a persons behaviour is learned and maintained by its consequences, or reward value (Bandura, 1973). Eysenck (1964) postulated that by way of classical conditioning—the learning process that occurs as a result of pairing a reliable stimulus with a response, operant conditioning— learning that occurs due to the manipulation of the possible consequences, and modelling of others’ behaviours through familial interactions, environmental experiences and the mass media, people learn moral preferences. Based on behavioural psychology, Sutherland (1939), a prominent social learning theorist, then put forth the theory of Differential Association where criminal behaviours are learned through interaction with intimate personal groups in a process of communication. When criminal behaviours are learned, the learning includes techniques of committing the crime, and the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes. The specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of the legal codes as favourable or unfavourable and a person becomes delinquent when there is an excess of definitions favourable to violation of law over definitions unfavourable to violation of the law. Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity. Another sociological theory in the Nurture camp of thought is the Social Reaction Theory. It could be said that a person’s environment depends to a certain extent on their own choice (Horwitz, Christiansen, 1983). However, there are also some individuals within certain areas who are drawn into crime (McGuire, Mason, O’Kane, 2000). A case in which the latter apply is institutional upbringing. Be it by choice or not, when society brands a certain social group as social deviants, delinquency rates tend to be on the rise for them. This is because once a person is stigmatised by a label, the response is often to accept and fulfil the label given and commit further acts of deviance. For example, when a child is disruptive during lessons, teachers may label a child as a troublemaker and suggest that he only have classes with other troubled students. This leads him to seek out other outcasts and reinforce his identity. Parents may accept this and further reinforce this stereotype. As such, stigmatism takes places and social deviance is not only accepted by the potential offender but also perpetrated by society’s reactions (Siegel Welsh, 2008). Another theory explaining for the causation of crime is the General Strain Theory. Strain theorists believe that crime is a function of the conflict between people’s goals and the means they can use to obtain them. Although social and economic goals are common to people in all economic strata, the ability to obtain these goals is class dependent, thus crime is narrowed down as a direct result of frustration among the lower socioeconomic classes (O Grady, 2007). However, this does not explain for the consistent criminal rate in the community despite attempts to increase aspirations and standards of living. As such, Agnew (1992) proposed the General Strain Theory where multiple sources of strain such as the failure to achieve goals, disjunction of expectations and achievements removal of positive stimuli such as the loss of a loved one and presentation of negative stimuli such as punishment or bully, interact with an individual’s emotional traits and responses to produce criminality in attempt to reduce strain. And perhaps one of the more interesting social perspective of crime causation is centering the social construction of crime. Mcguire (2000) points out, there are no acts that can be called crime—crime is not a distinct type of behaviour. What is criminal in one country may not be criminal in another country; the purchasing of marijuana is legal in Amsterdam whilst illegal in many other countries. Also, what is a crime at one time may not be a crime at another time, just like how stalkers could not be prosecuted until stalking was made an offence in some jurisdictions. While social constructionism as an explanation for crime may be weak without knowing by whom it was constructed and for what ends it served, elite social constructionism however, wields great power and the knowledge produced, disseminated and advocated by social groups of some status affects the law and the convicted. For example, during the early twentieth century, the medical profession is highly esteemed and under their influence, the knowledge of the effects of drugs and its misuse became a key guide in the formation of laws to do with substance abuse. In light that the very definition of crime is socially constructed and not up to the perpetrators at all, there is a very real sense in which criminals are made. And just as how stating that criminals are born without choice is difficult to accept, positing that criminals are made does not explain for why people who live in a shared or similar environment does not act out criminal behaviours. Given that both camps lack in the ability to fully account for criminal behaviour, researchers have then formulated theories of the interplay of nature and nurture to explain crime causation. Interplay of Nature and Nurture The first of such theory is the Rational Choice Theory which posits that crime is a function of a decision-making process in which the potential offender examines his options, consequences and benefits. When the benefits of the crime is attractive and is a sufficient motivator, the offender then plans the crime by consciously picking the type of crime, location of the crime and target of the crime, and executes the crime with awareness that it is wrong and control to choose otherwise. To the potential offender, there are two types of crimes: offender-specific where the offender evaluates their resources, skills, motives, needs and fears and commits a crime when they can and offense-specific where offenders react selectively to characteristics of a particular criminal act such as the methodology and opportunity to escape. These push and pull factors of a crime and the offender is what makes a criminal—it is not just a personal innate choice but also dependent on the conceptualisation of an opportunity presented by the environment (Beccaria, 1963). Following which, there is the Contemporary Trait Theory. Contemporary trait theorists today recognise that no single biological or psychological attribute is thought to adequately explain all criminality. Rather, each offender is considered unique, physically and mentally; consequently, there must be different explanations for each person’s behaviours. Some may have inherited criminal tendencies, others may be suffering from nervous system (neurological) problems, and still others may have a blood chemistry disorder that heightens their antisocial activity. Criminologists who focus on the individual see many explanations for crime, because, in fact, there are many differences among criminal offenders. Ultimately, Contemporary Trait Theory postulates that crime-producing interactions involve both personal traits—such as intelligence, personality, and chemical and genetic makeup—and environmental factors, such as family life, educational attainment, economic factors and neighbourhood conditions. Physical or mental traits are, therefore, but one part of a large pool of environmental, social, and personal factors that account for criminality. Some people may have a predisposition toward aggression, but environmental stimuli can either suppress or trigger antisocial acts (Siegel, 2011). And last but not least, a theory that demonstrates the interplay of Nature and Nurture factors is Eysenck’s Biosocial Theory of Crime (Eysenck, 1996). Eysenck believes that genetic factors contribute enormously to human behaviour but they have their effects under the influence of environmental or social factors (Howitt, 2011). Under the genetic and biological branch, he created a personality model based on three factors known as psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism (PEN) that could be used as predictors of criminal behaviour; these factors and the personality traits associated with them are found to be heritable (Miles Carey, 1997). Research has shown that just like PEN, criminality is strongly correlated with low arousal levels in the brain leading to their active seeking out of stimulation to increase their arousal—proper stimulation includes high-risk activities associated with antisocial behaviours, which consists of sexual promiscuity, substance abuse, and crime. However, not all with higher levels of PEN or lower brain arousal levels act out their need for stimulation; Eysenck’s argument is that only when there is a failure of socialisation through rewards and punishment, that these genetic factors are expressed. Conclusion This essay has only just begun to skim over the causes of criminal behaviour. As it can be seen it would be difficult to credit one theory for the explanation of crime, but what we do know and can confirm, is that there is a continual interaction between both genetic an environmental factors; they are functionally interdependent. No one study carried out can be said to provide conclusive evidence for either genetic factors or environmental factors (Horwitz, Christiansen, 1983). Thus my position as to whether criminals are born or made, is that criminal tendencies may be innate and inherited, but the determination of crime in itself is social and so are the influences guarding the choice to express these tendencies, hence it is only right to say that criminals are both born and made. And if we were to really examine the specifics, in fact, I would posit that the environmental factors take a higher weightage in crime causation, simply due to the fact that crime in itself is socially constructed.

Laying the foundations of Science Essays - Science, Free Essays

Laying the foundations of Science Essays - Science, Free Essays Laying the foundations of Science Laying the foundations of Science Knowing the deep seated foundations of Science led me through a simple throw back of a long time question, Why would Egyptians consider Nile River flooding outcome an advantage in their part? I remember my late grandfather, living beside a river, who used to plow the land every after a cyclical river flooding. I wondered why. He said its the best time to plant his crops just exactly the way my great grandparents do when he was young. Its a farming practice and culture to follow he added. Until I started school and the same explanation I heard from my HEKASI teacher: that the flooding in a river means rich soil to Egyptians and its planting time. But whats with the flooding that can enrich a soil? Its not surprising that people when I was ten would have made me stay where I am a little longer to wait for an explanation to my queries, not even my parents though. I have come to understand long enough, after I finished school: that floods from river may bring silt which will enrich the soils suitable for growing crops; that water lilies are also an indicator of mineral accumulation in a river that relatively depicts convenience for another wave of bountiful farming if waters overflow and redistributed another batch of silts to lands nearby. Then a chain of inquiry and acquisition of facts followed: that when the river is brownish, it has rained in the uplands bringing down silts in many run-offs; that when its greenish, it hasnt rain for a long time and algae are starting to make algal bloom happen; etc. All of these information made me think that Egyptians really have gone pre-science phase by way of primitive discoveries unrolled in the ancient years and their ideas were not so systematic to accurately explain why a phenomenon occur. Another magnificent scenario was the moment we first perceived flame. Obtained by natural source such as striking flint against stone to produce sparks, fire had been discovered, paving a way to the most important discovery of all time. Because of this, early men were able to bake clay pots which were used to cook. Fire reflected off its menacing scales but became a mean of light source and heat to many people and we are recipients to the advantage it bore in all forms of its application. Because of what I have scientifically found and understood, my grandparents are now justified in their farming practice. They raised the bloodline where I owe my heredities the most to the way ancient people facilitate farming technology in doing a living. I am also justified to pass such a life-long knowledge and experience to my students. Glad that Ive become a culprit of every childs first-hand knowledge. Theres much heart-longing of saying gratitude, granting a turn-back time when theyre once alive, for laying a scientific practice that gave everyone a chance to be more nourished and live longer life. Indeed, this simple realization can bring us to a fact that science has been around since the beginning of time. I believe it evolved from the everyday efforts of people trying to improve their way of life. History can claim and attest that humankind had developed and utilized materials such as tools, simple machines, and techniques without understanding how or why they worked and without comprehending their physical or chemical composition either. Serendipity-wise, they have plenty. All these, I believe, had become benchmarks to any scientific discovery that flourished from the time being and onwards. The People of Science After knowing main characters behind science the most detailed way, I really am composed claiming that all of us alive right now are but a total of the many scientists who planted trees through the years; and that through the process of times and circumstances we germinated underneath their shade of wisdom and scientific knowledge as though we rightfully deserve to reap and enjoy their harvest today. Owing absolute reliance on technological advancements to enhance our daily activities, whether it be as simple as androidified cellphones for communication and status signature purposes; or the stem cell technology for extraordinary rejuvenating effect of

Defining Histology and How Its Used

Defining Histology and How It's Used Histology is defined as the scientific study of the microscopic structure (microanatomy) of cells and tissues. The term histology comes from the Greek words histos, meaning tissue or columns, and logia, which means study. The word histology first appeared in a 1819 book written by German anatomist and physiologist Karl Meyer, tracing its roots back to 17th-century microscopic studies of biological structures performed by Italian physician Marcello Malpighi. How Histology Works Courses in histology focus on the preparation of histology slides, relying on previous mastery of anatomy and physiology. Light and electron microscopy techniques are usually taught separately. The five steps of preparing slides for histology are: FixingProcessingEmbeddingSectioningStaining Cells and tissues must be fixed to prevent decay and degradation. Processing is required to prevent excessive alteration of tissues when they are embedded. Embedding involves placing a sample within a supporting material (e.g., paraffin or plastic) so small samples can be cut into thin sections, suitable for microscopy. Sectioning is performed using special blades called microtomes or ultramicrotomes. Sections are placed on microscope slides and stained. A variety of staining protocols are available, chosen to enhance the visibility of specific types of structures. The most common stain is a combination of hematoxylin and eosin (HE stain). Hematoxylin stains cellular nuclei blue, while eosin stains cytoplasm pink. Images of HE slides tend to be in shades of pink and blue. Toluidine blue stains the nucleus and cytoplasm blue, but mast cells purple. Wrights stain colors red blood cells blue/purple, while turning white blood cells and platelets other colors. Hematoxylin and eosin produce a permanent stain, so slides made using this combination may be kept for later examination. Some other histology stains are temporary, so photomicrography is necessary in order to preserve data. Most of the trichrome stains are differential stains, where a single mixture produces multiple colors. For example, Malloys trichrome stain colors cytoplasm pale red, the nucleus and muscle red, red blood cells and keratin orange, cartilage blue, and bone deep blue. Types of Tissues The two broad categories of tissues are plant tissue and animal tissue. Plant histology usually is called plant anatomy to avoid confusion. The main types of plant tissues are: Vascular tissueDermal tissueMeristematic tissueGround tissue In humans and other animals, all tissue may be classified as belonging to one of four groups: Nervous tissueMuscle tissueEpithelial tissueConnective tissue Subcategories of these main types include epithelium, endothelium, mesothelium, mesenchyme, germ cells, and stem cells. Histology may also be used to study structures in microorganisms, fungi, and algae. Careers in Histology A person who prepares tissues for sectioning, cuts them, stains them, and images them is called a histologist. Histologists work in labs and have highly refined skills, used to determine the best way to cut a sample, how to stain sections to make important structures visible, and how to image slides using microscopy. Laboratory personnel in a histology lab include biomedical scientists, medical technicians, histology technicians (HT), and histology technologists (HTL). The slides and images produced by histologists are examined by medical doctors called pathologists. Pathologists specialize in identifying abnormal cells and tissues. A pathologist can identify many conditions and diseases, including cancer and parasitic infection, so other doctors, veterinarians, and botanists can devise treatment plans or determine whether an abnormality led to death. Histopathologists are specialists who study diseased tissue. A career in histopathology typically requires a medical degree or doctorate. Many scientists in this discipline have dual degrees. Uses of Histology Histology is important in science education, applied science, and medicine. Histology is taught to biologists, medical students, and veterinary students because it helps them understand and recognize different types of tissues. In turn, histology bridges the gap between anatomy and physiology by showing what happens to tissues at the cellular level.Archaeologists use histology to study biological material recovered from archaeological sites. Bones and teeth are most likely to provide data. Paleontologists may recover useful material from organisms preserved in amber or frozen in permafrost.Histology is used to diagnose diseases in humans, animals, and plants and to analyze the effects of treatment.Histology is used during autopsies and forensic investigations to help understand unexplained deaths. In some cases, a cause of death may be evident from microscopic tissue examination. In other cases, the microanatomy may reveal clues about the environment after death.

Girls Primary Schools in United Kingdom Coursework

Girls Primary Schools in United Kingdom - Coursework Example This does not promote feminism or any related activities thereof but uses their works to relay situational analysis. This serves to focus change mainly in the designation of school curriculum basing on gender abilities, skills and intellect at still a very young formative age which is mostly subject to resigned domestic and weak place in society. This dissertation is an amalgamation of the work carried out over centuries by precursors of the feminist movement which abolished the sign of male dominated tactics where imparting equal education in qualitative and quantitative terms was concerned. This topic is a challenging one as it focuses on a specific area in gender philosophy. The parameters to be studied are now deeply rooted in the history of our educational system and thus hold a large amount of interest and fascination for a student of feminist issues. Further, the time period being studied is of utmost importance where revolutionary trends in feminist approaches are concerned. In this regard, the work of feminists was the foundation stone for modern day theories in a very subtle manner. Every change happens through education and the study of changing trends in education to show the elements of emerging feminist trends of the period is a challenging and fascinating subject. The dissertation progresses on the general hypotheses of social criticism and the trends that emerged thereof, in context of feminist and gender philosophy conceptions. In this way, the underlying model is a realistic one, unlike the predictable idealistic one due to the fact that Wollstonecraft's work demonstrates the fact that she had great foresight. This dissertation will basically focus on the Education Acts of 1870, 1902, 1944 and 1968. In this regard, the dissertation will analyze the various trends that were followed when these acts were formulated in context of pressures like the importance of women's education as well as the situation of young women. Further, the curriculum and activities revolving around primary education will be discussed in context of the three Rs - religion, reading and writing. The issues and questions are ones pertaining to the general climate for change and whether or not it facilitated the trends that emerged in the area of a change in curriculum for the primary education of girls in UK during that period. The work will also pose the question of how these kinds of changes in education tend to influence the general outlook of society over the years. In this way the acts will be analyzed to find evidence surrounding whether or not they were successful and the criticisms that demonstrate their failures and flaws. These acts in general brought about a climate for change and the emergence of a new feminist perspective. Also, it helped change the curriculum and include more women oriented studies that did not necessarily revolve around

The Rising of the Moon Criminal or Patriot Essay

The Rising of the Moon Criminal or Patriot - Essay Example It is this realization that leads him to make the decision to allow the man to escape. Older than his colleagues, wise in his understanding of the probability that their man will try to escape by boat, our policeman has his eye on the reward and the likelihood of promotion in the start of this play. Encouraging his co-workers to do their duty, he sends them off to put up other Wanted posters, while choosing to stay at the quay alone in wait of the revolutionary. When his man does indeed turn up he is disguised as a ballad singer and the policeman doesn't realize who he is. Claiming to be in town due to the fact that they are holding the assizes, which gives him the opportunity to make some money, the revolutionary tries to get past the policeman but is refused access. It is at this point that he tells the policeman, while pointing at the poster of the wanted man, that he knows who the revolutionist is. Fear is the first factor that the man uses to enforce his plan to get past the policeman, which persuades the policeman to allow him to stay. "There's not a weapon he doesn't know the use of," he says, "and as to strength, his muscles are as hard as that board." ('The Rising Moon', p. 907). And the second is complicity. And, as they sit together, back-to-back, while smoking their

BAY OF PIGS Essay -- essays research papers fc

BAY OF PIGS It seems that the United States has been one of the most dominant, if not the most dominant, countries in the world, since the Declaration of Independence. Yet, on Monday, April 17, 1961, our government experienced incredible criticism and extreme embarrassment when Fidel Castro, dictator of Cuba, instantly stopped an invasion on the Cuban beach known as the Bay of Pigs. President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, his advisors, and many Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officials, made the largest error of their political careers. Once the decision was made to invade Cuba, to end Castro and his Communist government, Kennedy and his administration were never looked at in the same light nor trusted again. Russian leader Nikita Khrushchev was affiliated with Castro, and the two countries made many military decisions together. As Kennedy and the United States tried to stop Cuba and Russia from becoming a threat to the world, an invasion was planned out and executed. The results were a disaster. T he Bay of Pigs invasion was the largest military mistake ever made by the United States government and the CIA in the 20th century and brought America to the brink of war with Cuba and Russia. The Bay of Pigs invasion was not a quick decision, many hours of meetings and conferences occurred before President Kennedy gave permission for the attack. President Kennedy was inaugurated on January 20, 1961, and immediately wanted to take the initiative with the Soviet and Cuban governments (Pearson 12). Russia was already under Communist control, and Fidel Castro took over the Cuban government with heavily armed troops and policeman. Castro’s policemen filled the streets, and he ran the newspapers, as well as many assembly buildings (Frankel 60). At the beginning, Castro did not run a Communist government, but once he began to meet with Russian leader, Nikita Khrushchev, Castro started a Communist government (Crassweller 23). Max Frankel, writer for the New York Times, summarizes th e situation in Cuba by saying, â€Å"Little by little, the vise tightened. Little by little the free people of Cuba came to realize it could happen there. The grim facts of life on an island that became a police state† (Frankel 59). Every day, Castro came closer to controlling every aspect in life in Cuba. Fidel Castro even took control of the schools in Cuba, throwing out any teacher who he thought... ...urprise, they assumed many Cubans would defect from Castro, and help the U.S. fight. The undisputed fact is that the U.S. lost the battle at the Bay of Pigs. Nothing was gained, and nearly brought the U.S. into war with Cuba and its ally, Russia. After nearly 40 years, the Bay of Pigs remains the largest mistake made by United States officials. Bibliography â€Å"Bay of Blunders.† Savannah Now. 1998. 10 April 2000 Crassweller, Robert D. Cuba and the U.S.: The Tangled Relationship. New York: The Foreign Policy Association, 1971. Flaherty, Tom. â€Å"What We Learned from the Bay of Pigs.† Reader’s Digest July 1963: 92-94. Frankel, Max. â€Å"Cuba - A Case of Communist Take-Over.† The New York Times Magazine July 1961: 59-64 Guido, Jessica. â€Å"The Invasion and the Failure.† The Invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. 1999. 11 April 2000 . 1965: 47. Pearson, Drew. â€Å"Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Cuba.† Saturday Review 29 March 1969: 12-16. â€Å"The Price of Military Folly.† U.S. News Online. 1996. 10 April 2000 . Robinson, Linda. â€Å"What Didn’t We Do to Get Rid of Castro?† U.S. News Online. 1996. 10 April 2000 Schlesinger, Arthur M. A Thousand Days. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1965. BAY OF PIGS Essay -- essays research papers fc BAY OF PIGS It seems that the United States has been one of the most dominant, if not the most dominant, countries in the world, since the Declaration of Independence. Yet, on Monday, April 17, 1961, our government experienced incredible criticism and extreme embarrassment when Fidel Castro, dictator of Cuba, instantly stopped an invasion on the Cuban beach known as the Bay of Pigs. President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, his advisors, and many Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officials, made the largest error of their political careers. Once the decision was made to invade Cuba, to end Castro and his Communist government, Kennedy and his administration were never looked at in the same light nor trusted again. Russian leader Nikita Khrushchev was affiliated with Castro, and the two countries made many military decisions together. As Kennedy and the United States tried to stop Cuba and Russia from becoming a threat to the world, an invasion was planned out and executed. The results were a disaster. T he Bay of Pigs invasion was the largest military mistake ever made by the United States government and the CIA in the 20th century and brought America to the brink of war with Cuba and Russia. The Bay of Pigs invasion was not a quick decision, many hours of meetings and conferences occurred before President Kennedy gave permission for the attack. President Kennedy was inaugurated on January 20, 1961, and immediately wanted to take the initiative with the Soviet and Cuban governments (Pearson 12). Russia was already under Communist control, and Fidel Castro took over the Cuban government with heavily armed troops and policeman. Castro’s policemen filled the streets, and he ran the newspapers, as well as many assembly buildings (Frankel 60). At the beginning, Castro did not run a Communist government, but once he began to meet with Russian leader, Nikita Khrushchev, Castro started a Communist government (Crassweller 23). Max Frankel, writer for the New York Times, summarizes th e situation in Cuba by saying, â€Å"Little by little, the vise tightened. Little by little the free people of Cuba came to realize it could happen there. The grim facts of life on an island that became a police state† (Frankel 59). Every day, Castro came closer to controlling every aspect in life in Cuba. Fidel Castro even took control of the schools in Cuba, throwing out any teacher who he thought... ...urprise, they assumed many Cubans would defect from Castro, and help the U.S. fight. The undisputed fact is that the U.S. lost the battle at the Bay of Pigs. Nothing was gained, and nearly brought the U.S. into war with Cuba and its ally, Russia. After nearly 40 years, the Bay of Pigs remains the largest mistake made by United States officials. Bibliography â€Å"Bay of Blunders.† Savannah Now. 1998. 10 April 2000 Crassweller, Robert D. Cuba and the U.S.: The Tangled Relationship. New York: The Foreign Policy Association, 1971. Flaherty, Tom. â€Å"What We Learned from the Bay of Pigs.† Reader’s Digest July 1963: 92-94. Frankel, Max. â€Å"Cuba - A Case of Communist Take-Over.† The New York Times Magazine July 1961: 59-64 Guido, Jessica. â€Å"The Invasion and the Failure.† The Invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. 1999. 11 April 2000 . 1965: 47. Pearson, Drew. â€Å"Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Cuba.† Saturday Review 29 March 1969: 12-16. â€Å"The Price of Military Folly.† U.S. News Online. 1996. 10 April 2000 . Robinson, Linda. â€Å"What Didn’t We Do to Get Rid of Castro?† U.S. News Online. 1996. 10 April 2000 Schlesinger, Arthur M. A Thousand Days. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1965.

AHIMA Code of Ethics Critique

The AHIMA Code of Ethics is extremely necessary because of the following reasons: First of all, it sorts out the ethical characteristics on which the â€Å"Health Information Management† is based upon (American.., 2004).Second, it focused on the major points of the wide-ranging ethical standards that reflects the profession’s core ideals, as well as, establish an assortment of well-mannered values to be employed as a guiding light in coming up with decisions and actions called for by the occurrence of critical situations (American.., 2004).  Third, it lends a hand to â€Å"Health Information Management† professional identify indispensable discussions or reflections in instances where tasks conflict or when hesitations based on ethics exhibits itself (American.., 2004).Fourth, it serves as a code of behavior for the â€Å"Health Information Management† professional to be held liable and accountable if it’s called for by the people or the public (Am erican.., 2004).Fifth, it plays the role of getting together practitioners who are not familiar to the â€Å"mission, values, as well as, ethical principles† of the â€Å"Health Information Management† (American.., 2004).Last but not least, it is for the purpose of the â€Å"Health Information Management† professional to personally weigh up himself or herself in a condition wherein, he or she feels that he may have engaged in an immoral or shameful or dishonorable act (American.., 2004).Strengths of the Code of EthicsThere are several strengths of the Code of Ethics, however, the best strength is that it motivates members to act in a manner that is moral, right, and extremely honorable (American.., 2004).   Members will not dare violate any of the rules simply because they know there will be terrible consequences they have to face (American.., 2004).The censure, probation, suspension, and especially termination from the profession which are the consequences me ntioned in the Code of Ethics play a large role in the individual’s or member’s behavior (American.., 2004).How the Individual’s Professional Conduct is GuidedAn individual is guided by the code of ethics by clearly defining his or her responsibilities (American.., 2004).   Through this they will be motivated to uphold the principles which were stated in the Code of Ethics (American.., 2004).Furthermore, through the Code of Ethics, an individual will be inspired to exhibit proper conduct (American.., 2004). Moreover, an individual will also compete with others in the organization but will do so in a manner that is fair and healthy simply because he or she will be guided by the Code of Ethics (American.., 2004).In addition to that, the Code of Ethics will guide the individual to avoid the incidence of exploitation of professional relationships (American.., 2004). Also, the Code of Ethics will play a large role in respecting and trusting their colleagues (Americ an.., 2004).How I Can Use the Code of Ethics in My Professional Life (Health Information Management)There are several ways on how I can utilize the Code of Ethics in my professional life and some of these applications entail the following situations: by not discriminating a person based on race/ethnicity;By not assigning codes without consulting or requesting for the physician’s documentation; by not prohibiting the patient to look into his/her own complete medical record in spite of a written request provided by the individual (American Health.., 1999).ReferencesAmerican Health Information Management Association. (2004). American HealthInformation Management Association Code of Ethics.Retrieved November 26, 2007 fromhttp://library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_024277.hcsp?dDocName=bok1_024277American Health Information Management Association. (1999). Code of Ethics and By-Laws. Journal of AHIMA, 70 (1), 11 – 17.

From The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison - 951 Words

In Toni Morrison’s â€Å"From the Bluest Eye,† she writes about a girl who is in conflict with the societal norms of the time period. The girl was given dolls to play with, but she does not understand why she has to play with them and what makes the dolls beautiful. It is made clear that the girl never wanted dolls and nobody ever asked her what she wanted as a toy, yet the society she lives in tells her that girls play with dolls and nothing else. This story raises several interesting ideas, such as why were dolls made and why does society want girls to play with dolls? A larger question that the story raises is whether or not there is negative or positive effects on girls who play with dolls. Dolls have been around for a long time, but no one knows how dolls were created or their main purpose. Some research found that Barbie were created for various reasons. In addition, dolls also started many controversies among parents and scientists. There have been various studie s conducted concerning the role of dolls on various aspects of a girl’s life. Some of the studies conducted focused on girls playing with various types of dolls and how the dolls affected their self-esteem and body image. Other studies conducted focused on young girls playing with dolls and how the dolls affected girls as they got older. Another study conducted focused on various types of dolls and how the dolls and media affects young girls on the meaning of beauty. Many of these studies took in account theShow MoreRelatedBlack Naturalism and Toni Morrison: the Journey Away from Self-Love in the Bluest Eye8144 Words   |  33 Pageswere questioning from the standpoint of literary criticism is not only the theory of postmodernism with its emphasis on race, class and gender, but the theory of naturalism as well: the idea that one s social and physical environments can drastically affect one s nature and potential for surviving and succeeding in this world. In this article, I will explore Toni Morrison s The Bluest Eye from a naturalistic perspective; however, while doing so I will propose that because Morrison s novels are distinctlyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bluest Eye1555 Words   |  7 Pages The Bluest Eeye Bbackground A woman’s race and the time period she lives in influences not only whether she will be a victim of sexual assault but also, the punishment of the offender. Toni Morrison, The author of The Bluest Eye, a victim of segregation, deals with sexual assault and segregation in her book. Chole Anthony Wofford, who goes by the name of Toni Morrison when writing her books, was born in Lorain, Ohio on February 18, 1931. Her father had several jobs to supportRead MoreBluest Eye1268 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieved that a black African could write a good book† (Satwase). In the Bluest Eye Toni Morrison uses wrong and discomfort to show the crushing consequences that come from racism. In 1950 America, racial discrimination was implied by different skin colors. The Bluest Eye shows ways in which white beauty standards hurt lives of black females, blacks that discriminate on each other and the community’s bias on who you were. Toni Morrison uses the racism of the 1950 s and sh ows that It is the blacknessRead More Memoirs of a Geisha and the Bluest Eye Essay example900 Words   |  4 PagesMemoirs of a Geisha and the Bluest Eye Memoirs of a Geisha by Aurthor Golden and The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison are two thought provoking books with a unique style of writing. Memoirs of a Geisha has a beautiful poetic grammar which captures readers imagination and brings the story to life. Morrison on the other hand uses combined voices to give varied perspectives with out resorting to authorial intrusion or preaching. Memoirs Of A Geisha and the bluest eye both contain graphic realismRead MoreEssay On The Bluest Eye1562 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferently from men. However, in the book, â€Å"The Bluest Eye† by Toni Morrison, they live up to their reputations for how they view themselves. Specifically, being focused on women like Pecola, and Claudia. They are often questioning their worth from society’s judgement of beauty. Though one character, Frieda embraces it despite being black. With having everything temporary, the desire of grasping and having something permanent increases. The women desires to be of a lighter skin tone with blue eyes, butRead MoreWoman Is The Nigger Of The Wolrd: The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison934 Words   |  4 PagesIgnored as a person. Denied as a species. ‘The total absence of human recognition† (Morrison, 36). For decades, African-Americans have not only been looked down upon by white people, they have been dehumanized. Toni Morrison is controversial for pillorying this topic, that has been silenced by white society for years, not from the ‘Master Narrative’ perspective, that is the white male one’s, but from the exact opposite of this: an African-American girl. By doing this, she does not only awake pityRead MoreStruggling through the Great Depression in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye1347 Words   |  5 PagesToni Morrison was born Chloe Anthony Wofford in 1931 in Lorain, Ohio. Morrison grew up with a love of literature and received her undergraduate degree from Howard University. She received a master’s deg ree from Cornell University, she taught at Texas Southern University and then at Howard, in Washington, D.C., where she met Harold Morrison, an designer from Jamaica. The marriage lasted six years, and Morrison gave birth to two sons. She and her husband separated while she was pregnant with her secondRead More Essay on Themes of House on Mango Street, and The Bluest Eye1602 Words   |  7 PagesDisturbing Themes of House on Mango Street, and The Bluest Eye  Ã‚   Sandra Cisneros was born in Chicago and grew up in Illinois, the only girl in a family of seven. Cisneros is noted for her collection of poems and books that concentrate on the Chicana experience in the United States. In her writing, Cisneros explores and transcends borders of location, ethnicity, gender and language. Cisneros writes in lyrical yet deceptively simple language, she makes the invisible visible by centering on theRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2069 Words   |  9 Pagesblack/whiteness. Specifically, white people were positioned at the upper part of the hierarchy, whereas, African Americans were inferior. Consequently, white people were able to control and dictate to the standards of beauty. In her novel, ‘The Bluest Eye’, Toni Morrison draws upon symbolism, narrative voice, setting and ideals of the time to expose the effects these standards had on the different characters. With the juxtaposition of Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove, who naivel y conforms to the barrierRead MoreThe Reinforcement of Racial Hierarchies in Morrisons The Bluest Eye and Neals The Black Arts Movement1411 Words   |  6 Pagesare reinforced through the proliferation of a predominant, societal, white aesthetic and through the perceptions associated with physical characteristics. In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison first illustrates the reinforcement of racial hierarchies through the proliferation of a predominant, societal white aesthetic by recounting passages from the Dick and Jane books, a standardization of family life. Next, â€Å"The Black Arts Movement† by Larry Neal demonstrates the reinforcement of racial hierarchies through